Hydraulic forging press



Nov. 24, 1964 E. sTElNFoRT ETAL 3,158,046

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HYDRAULIC FoRGING PRESS Filed May 19, 1960 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Nov. 24,1964 E. sTElNFoRT ETAL 3,158,046y

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HYDRAULIC FORGING PRESS Filed May 19, 1960 '7 Sheets-Sheet 4 NVENTORj;

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HYDRAULIC FORGING PRESS '7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed May 19, 1960wxbwwmlmmmw@ Z2 Il lll 111/ Il Il.

E g C fv/'fiar Har Hrran/vsy United States Patent O 3,153,046 HYDRAULICF RGING PRESS Ewald Steinfurt, Dusseldorf, and Albert Hertl, Duisburg,Germany, assignors to Hydraulik G.m.b.H., Duisburg, Germany Filed May19, 1%0, Ser. No. 30,268 (Ilaims priority, application Germany, May 2i),1959, H 36,427 12 Claims. (Cl. '7S- 13) The present invention relates tohydraulic forging presses in general, and more particularly toimprovements in a hydraulic forging press of the underground type inwhich certain components including the upper crosshead which supportsthe upper die, the uprights, and the lower crosshead are reciprocablewith respect to the stationary die carrier.

In certain types of known underground forging presses, the stationarydie carrier is mounted on a foundation and supports two or more presscylinders whose pistons act against the lower crosshead to therebyreciprocate the upper crosshead with the movable die toward and awayfrom the stationary die. The two crossheads are connected by a pluralityof uprights which are often sub- 'ected to very high bending stresses,such bending stresses developing as a result of eccentric forcesgenerated during certain forging operations. In other words, alluprights are not always subjected to equal tensioning forces whichresults'in an inclination of the upper crosshead so that the lattersubjects the guide sleeves of the uprights to very high end pressures.The bending forces acting upon the deformed uprights are often higherthan the axial forces; this results in excessive wear upon the uprights.Consequently, the uprights of conventional forging presses must bedimensioned with a view to prevent their bending, i.e. the dimensions ofsuch uprights are much larger than if the uprights were subjected onlyto axial stresses.

An important object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulicforging press in which the uprights are relieved of all or nearly allbending stresses and in which the uprights must be dimensioned only witha view to take up axial stresses.

Another object of the invention is to provide a hydraulic forging pressof the above outlined characteristics in which the uprights aresubjected to greatly reduced wear and tear and in which a danger ofdeforming or breaking the uprights is eliminated despite the fact thatthe uprights are lighter than in equivalent forging presses of knowndesign.

A further object of the invention is to provide a hydraulic forgingpress which embodies a novel arrangement capable of taking up allbending stresses such as act upon uprights in the presses of presentlyutilized design.

A concomitant object of the instant invention is to provide a forgingpress in which the arrangement utilized for taking up the bendingstresses simultaneously acts as a means for reciprocating the movabledie with respect to the stationary die.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a hydraulic forgingpress of the above outlined characteristics which is particularly usefulfor olf-center forging and in which the uprights need not guide themovable die on its way toward and away from the stationary die butmerely take up axial stresses which arise during the forging operation.j

With the above objects in view, the invention resides in the provisionof a hydraulic forging press which comprises essentially a stationarydie carrier or socket mounted on a suitable foundation and preferablyabove 33,158,046 l"a.tented Nov. 24, i964 a compartment defined by thefoundation, two crossheads disposed at the opposite sides of thecarrier, i.e. above and below said carrier and connected with each otherby a plurality of parallel vertical uprights or columns which areslidable through suitable bores formed in the stationary carrier so thatthe crossheads and the uprights may be reciprocated with respect to thecarrier, and means connected with the carrier and preferably with thelower crosshead for guiding the lower crosshead and hence also the uppercrosshead during the latters movements toward and away from the carrier.The movable die is connected with the upper crosshead and the uprightstake up only axial stresses because all other stresses, particularlybending stresses, are taken up by the improved guide means which actsbetween one of thecrossheads and the stationary carrier.

The improved guide means may consist of one or more vertical guideshafts connected with the stationary carrier and slidably receivable insuitable bushings provided in the lower crosshead. If the press embodiesa single guide shaft, the latter is preferably mounted in the center ofthe carrier but itis equally possible to utilize two or more guidevshafts Iand to provide on one of the crossheads, preferably on the lowercrosshead, one or more cylinders which receive the respective guideshafts so that the latter simultaneously perform the function of presspistons, i.e. they shift the movable die toward the stationary die. Whenthe guide shafts are utilized as press pistons, it is advisable toprovide at least one shaft with a coaxial guide extension of smallerdiameter which projects through the end wall of the respective cylinderon the lower crosshead -so that the lower crosshead is guided not onlyby the guide shaft or shafts but also by the extension or extensions ofsuch guide shafts.

The improved press utilizing one or more guide shafts and suitablebushings which are slidably guided along such shafts is subjected tolesser wear and tear, and particularly the uprights are completelyrelieved of any bending stresses. In addition, and since the uprightsneed not guide the movable die on its way toward and away from thestationary die, the exterior of such uprights need not be finished withgreat precision which also contributes to lower cost of our improvedforging i press. Of course, additional important savings result from thefact that the cross-sectional areas of uprights must be calculatedmerely by consideration of axial forces since all or at least mostbending stresses are taken up by the guide means which acts between thelower crosshead and the stationary die carrier.

The novel features which are considered as characterstic of theinvention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. Theinvention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method ofoperation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, willbe best understood from the following detailed description of twospecific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, in which:

FIGS. la and lb together illustrate a central Vertical section through ahydraulic forging press and the hydraulic supply and control systemtherefore embodying one form of our invention, the section through thepress being taken along the line A-B of FIG. 3, as seen in the directionof arrows;

FIG. 2 is another vertical section through the press with the hydraulicsystem omitted, the section being taken along the line C-D of FIG. 3, asseenin the direction of arrows;

FIG. 3 is a horizontal section through the stationary die carrier asseen in the direction of arrows from the line E-F of FIG. 1 or 2;

FIGS. 4a and 4b together illustrate a central vertical section through amodified hydraulic forging press and the hydraulic supply and controlsystem therefor, the section through the press being taken along theline A-B of FIG. 6, as seen in the direction of arrows;

FIG. is another vertical section through the press of FIG. 4 as seen inthe direction of arrows from the line C-D of FIG. 6; and

FIG. 6 is a horizontal section through the stationary die carrier asseen in the direction of arrows from the line ELF of FIG. 4 or 5.

Referring now in greater detail to the illustrated embodiments, andiirst to FIGS. la and 1b, there is shown a hydraulic forging press ofthe underground type, the

`press comprising a horizontal stationary die carrier or socket 1 whichis placed onto the foundation 1A and which supports a slidable table 1afor the stationary lower die 1b. Three guide means including twovertical press pistons 2 and a vertical guide shaft 3 are rigidlyembedded in and extend downwardly from the carrier 1 into a compartment1B defined by the foundation 1A beneath the carrier. The lower crosshead5 which is disposed at the underside of the carrier 1 is received in thecompartment 1B and is vertically reciprocably guided along the guideshaft 3 by two tubular guide bushings 6 which surround the guide shaft 3and are slidable therealong. The bushings 6 are inserted into a centralvertical bore 4 formed in the lower crosshead 5. The latter also carriestwo vertical press cylinders 7 each of which reciprocably receives oneof the press pistons 2. In fact, the press pistons 2 constitute twoadditional guide shafts which also hold the lower crosshead against anyother but vertically reciprocating movements.

As is best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the lower crosshead 5 is traversed byand is secured to the lower ends of four vertical uprights or columns 8,the upper ends of these uprights being secured to the upper crosshead 9.The portions of uprights 8-which'extend beyond the upper and lower sidesof the crossheads 9, 5 are externally threaded and are Vsecured to thecrossheads by tightening nuts Sa, Sb, respectively. The upper crosshead9 carries `the upper table 9a which, in turn, supports the movable upperdie 9b. The dimensioning of the guide shaft 3 and of press pistons 2 issuch that they can safely take up all bending stresses which wouldnormally act against the uprights 8. The uprights 8 are slidable throughsuitable vertical bores provided at the four corner portions of thestationary carrier 1; This carrier also mounts four retracting orlifting cylinders 12 each of which receives a retracting piston 11, theupper ends of the pistons 11 being connected with the upper crossheads 9so that, once a hydraulic fluid is introduced into the retractingcylinders 12 (conduits 17) and the fluid is free to iow from the presscylinders 7 (conduits 15), the pistons 11 will retract the uppercrosshead 9 with the movable die 9b into the position of FIGS. l and 2,i.e. away from the stationary die 1b. In the area of high temperaturesarising during a forging operation, the uprights S are protected bytubular sleeves which are connected to and extend upwardly from theupper side of the carrier 1.

When a hydraulic pressure fluid is introduced into the press cylinders 7(see FIG. 1), the lower crosshead 5 will travel in downward directionand, being connected with the upper crosshead 9 through the uprights 8,the cylinders 7 perform a working stroke in that they move the movabledie 9b toward and into proper engagement with the stationary die 1b sothat a workpiece placed between the two dies is subjected to a specifictreatment. At the same time, the pressure fluid is free to ow from theretracting cylinders 12 so that the retracting pistons 11 do not preventor impede downward movements of the upper crosshead 9. In the next step,fluid is introduced into the cylinders 12 and is discharged from thepress cylinders 7 so that the upper crosshead 9 may perform an upwardstroke to thereby move the movable upper die 9b away from the stationarylower die 1b. The press cylinders receive pressure uid through twoconduits 15, through two channels 14 formed in the stationary carrier 1,and through two channels 13 formed in the press plstons 2, all of whichare shown in FIG. 1. The conduits 15 communicate with a supply conduit16 which leads to a control apparatus 19. The requisite fluid pressureis generated by a pump 31 which draws fluid from a source in the form ofa reservoir 33, and the fluid then passes through a conduit 36 whichcommunicates with the pressure side of the pump 31, through a checkvalve 27, and through another conduit 2S which leads into a gas-filledpressure tank 29. The tank 29 serves as a means .for storing thecompressed fiuid which operates the forging press and is connected withthe control apparatus 19 through a conduit 26 which communicates withone port of the check valve 27. The control apparatus 19 comprisesvalves 20, 21, 22 and 23 whose respective stems 26a, 21a, 22a and 23aare connected to a camor crankshaft 24. The shaft 24 may be turned by ahandgrip means or lever 25 which latter may be rocked into a series ofpositions indicated by the legends Forging pressure, Starting pressure,No load and Retractf When the valves 26 and 22 are in open position, thepress cylinders 7 are connected with the tank 29 through the channels13, 14, through the conduits 15, 16, 26, 28 and through the check valve27 (valve 22), and the cylinders 12 are simultaneously connected throughconduits 17 and through a conduit 18 with the return conduit 32 whichleads back to the reservoir 33 (valve 20).

When the upper crosshead 9 must perform an upward stroke to move the die9b away from the die 1b, the lever 25 is shifted into the Retractposition to thereby close the valves 20, 22 and to simultaneously openthe valves 21 and 23. The valve 21 then permits the tlow of pressurehuid from the conduit 26, into the conduit 18, and through the conduits17 so that the retracting cylinders 12 receive uid and the pistons 11move in upward direction. The open valve 23 permits return ow ofpressure Huid from the press cylinders 7, through the channels, 13, 14,through the conduits 15, 16, and through the return conduit 32 into thereservoir 33.

FIG. 3 shows that the axes of the guide shaft 3 and of thepiston-cylinder assemblies 2, 7 are disposed in the central symmetryplane of the forging press, and that the axes of pairwise arrangedretracting piston-cylinder assemblies 11, 12 and of the uprights 8 maybe disposed in two vertical planes which are parallel with the centralsymmetry plane.

It will be noted that all bending stresses are taken up by the guideshaft 3 and by the press pistons 2 while the uprights 8 are subjectedsolely to such tensioning forces which act in directions parallel withthe longitudinal axes of these uprights. Consequently, the uprights mustbe dimensioned only with a view to resist the tensioning forces but neednot take up any bending stresses as in the prior apparatus of similardesign.

Referring now to FIGS. 4a, 4b, 5 and 6, there is shown a modifiedhydraulic forging press of the underground type in which all componentparts are identified by reference numerals followed by a prime. A singlepress cylinder 7' is located below the center of the stationary carrieror socket 1', and the latter supports a guide shaft 2 whichsimultaneously serves as a press piston. As is shown in FIG. 6, thearrangement of uprights 8 and of the retracting piston-cylinderassemblies 11', 12 is identical with the arrangement shown in FIGS. la,1b, 2 and 3. The combined guide shaft and press piston 2' is formed witha smaller-diameter coaxial extension 35 which projects downwardly fromand through a bushing 34 provided in the lower end Wall of the presscylinder 7. The latter s connected with the lower crosshead 5 andparticipates in vertically reciprocating movements of the uppercrosshead 9.

The hydraulic supply and control lsystem of FIGS. 4a and 4b ispractically identical with the system of FIGS. la and l'b, with theexception 'that the channels i3, lfl are replaced by a single channel 36which extends through the wall of thecylinder 7 and that a singlechannel 15' is connected directly with the control apparatus 19'.

As is shown in FIG. v6, the combined guide shaft and press piston 2 ismounted inthe center of the stationary carrier 1.

'Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal ythe gistof 'the present invention that others can, by applying currentknowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omittingfeatures that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constituteessential characteristics of the generic and specific aspects of thisinvention and, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to becomprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of thefollowing claims.

What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. In a forging press, in combination, first and second crosshead means;stationary carrier means disposed ybetween said crosshead means; columnmeans connecting said crosshead means for reciprocating movement inunison with respect -to said carrier means; means comprising at least-one guide shaft connected with said carrier means and slidably receivedin one of said crosshead means for guiding said crosshead means inparallelism with said column means and for relieving said column meansfrom bending stresses when said press is subjected to eccentric forgingpressure; and fluid operated lifting means laterally spaced fromandindependent of said guide shaft and connected to said stationary carriermeans and one of said crosshead means for lifting said crosshead meanswhile the same are guided by said guide shaft.

2. In a forging press, in combination, stationary carrier means; firstand second crosshead means disposed respectively above and below saidcarrier means; a plurality of vertical uprights slidably extendingthrough said carrier means and connecting said crosshead means forreciprocating movement in unison with respect to said carrier means;means for guiding said crosshead means with respect to said carriermeans and for relieving said uprightsfrom bending stresses when saidpress is subjected to eccentric forging pressure, said guiding meanscomprising at least one vertical shaft connected with said carrier meansand slidably received in said second crosshead means; and a pair ofhydraulic lifting means laterally spaced from and respectively atopposite sides of said guide shaft means and connected to saidstationary carrier means and said first crosshead means for lifting saidcrosshead means while the same are guided by said guide shaft.

3. In a hydraulic forging press, in combination, stationary carriermeans; rst and second crosshead means disposed respectively above andbelow said carrier means; a plurality of parallel vertical upright meansextending through said carrier means and connected with each of saidcrosshead means whereby the crosshead means and the upright means arereciprocable in unison with respectv to said carrier means; at least onevertical guide shaft connected with and extending downwardly from saidcarrier means; and a cylinder connected with said second Y crossheadmeans and slidably receiving said guide shaft,

parallel with said columns, said shaft connected with said carrier meansand slidably received in one of said crosshead means; at least one presspiston parallel with said guide shaft and connected with said carriermeans; and a cylinder connected to said one crosshead means andreciprocably receiving said piston, said piston and said cylinderconstituting means for moving the crosshead means and said columns withrespect to said carrier means.

5. In a hydraulic forging press, in combination, first and secondcrosshead means; stationary carrier means disposed between saidcrosshead means, said carrier means having a central plane of symmetry;a plurality of parallel columns extending through said carrier means andconnected with each of said crosshead means whereby the crosshead meansand said columns are reciprocable with respect to said carrier means; acentral guide shaft parallel with said columns, said shaft connectedwith said carrier means and slidably received in one of said crossheadmeans, said shaft having anI axis located in said symmetry1 plane; apair of press pistons disposed at the opposite sides of said shaft andeach having an axis parallel with the axis of said shaft and located insaid symmetry plane; and a pair of cylinders, one for each of saidpistons, said cylinders connected to said one crosshead means andreciprocably receiving the respective piston, said pistons and saidcylinders constituting means for moving said crosshead means and saidcolumns with respect to said carrier means.

6. In a forging press, in combination, a pair of spaced crossheads; astationary carrier disposed between Said crossheads; a plurality ofparallel columns each slidably extending through said carrier and eachconnected to each of said crossheads whereby the crossheads and saidcolumns are reciprocable with respect to said carrier, at least oneguide shaft connected with said carrier and parallel with said columns;a cylinder connected to one of said crossheads and reciprocablyreceiving said guide shaft whereby said shaft and said cylinderconstitute guide means for guiding said crossheads and said columns withrespect to said carrier; an extension connected with said shaft andslidably projecting through said cylinder, whereby said guide shaft willtake up bending stresses occurring when said press is subjected toeccentric forging pressure so as to relieve said columns from bendingstresses; and a pair of hydraulic lifting means laterally spaced fromand respectively at opposite sides of said guide shaft and connected tosaid stationary carrier and one of said crossheads for lifting saidcrossheads while the same are guided by said guide shaft.

In a forging press, in combination, a foundation deiinlng a compartment;a stationary horizontal carrier supported on said foundation and locatedabove said compartment; a plurality of vertical uprights slidablyextending through said carrier, each upright having an upper end and alower end with said lower ends located in said compartment; an uppercrosshead connected with the upper ends of said uprights; a lowercrosshead received in said compartment and connected with the lower endsof said uprights whereby said crossheads and said uprights arereciprocable with respect to said carrier; at least one vertical shaftmeans rigidly secured to said carrier and slidably received in saidlower crosshead for guiding the same during reciprocation and forrelieving said uprights from bending stresses when said press issubjected to eccentric forging pressure; and a pair of hydraulic liftingmeans laterally spaced from and respectively at opposite sides of saidvertical shaft means and connected to said stationary carrier and saidupper crosshead for lifting said crosshead, said lifting means beingindependent of said guide shaft.

8. In a forging press, .in combination, a foundation deiining acompartment; a stationary horizontal carrier supported on saidfoundation and located above said compartment; a plurality of verticaluprights slidably extending through said carrier, each upright having anupper end and a lower end with said lower ends located in saidcompartment; an upper crosshead connected with the upper ends of saiduprights; a lower crosshead received in said compartment and connectedwith the lower ends of said uprights whereby said crossheads and saiduprights are reciprocable with respect to said carrier; at least onefirst piston-cylinder assembly operating between said carrier and saidlower crosshead for moving the upper crosshead toward said carrier; atleastone second piston cylinder assembly operating between one of saidcrossheads and said carrier for retracting the upper crosshead in adirection away from said carrier; and at least one vertical shaftrigidly secured to said carrier and slidably received in said lowercrosshead.

9. In a hydraulic forging press, in combination, a foundation defining acompartment; a stationary hori- Zontal carrier supported on saidfoundation and located above said compartment; a stationary diesupported on said carrier; a plurality of vertical uprights slidablyextending through said carrier, each upright having an upper end and alower end with said lower ends located in said compartment; an uppercrosshead connected with the upper ends of said uprights; a movable dieconnected with said upper crosshead; a lower crosshead received in saidcompartment and connected with the lower ends of said uprights wherebysaid crossheads and said uprights are reciprocable with respect to saidcarrier to move the movable die toward and away from said stationarydie; at least one vertical shaft rigidly connected with said carrier andslidably received in the lower crosshead; at least one firstpiston-cylinder assembly operating between one of said crossheads andsaid carrier for moving the movable die toward said stationary die; andat least one second piston-cylinder assembly operating between one ofsaid crossheads and said carrier for retracting the movable die in adirection away from said stationary die.

10. In a hydraulic forging press, in combination, a foundation defininga compartment; a stationary horizontal carrier supported on saidfoundation and located above said compartment; a stationary diesupported on said carrier; a plurality of vertical uprights slidably eX-tending through said carrier, each upright having an upper end and alower end with said lower ends located in said compartment; an uppercrosshead connected with the upper ends of said uprights; a movable dieconnected with said upper crosshead; a lower crosshead received in saidcompartment and connected with the lower ends of said uprights wherebysaid crossheads and said uprights are reciprocable with respect to saidcarrier to move the movable die toward and away from said stationarydie; at least one vertical shaft rigidly connected with said carrier andslidably received in the lower crosshead; at least one firstpiston-cylinder assembly operating between said carrier and said lowercrosshead for moving the movable die toward said stationary die, saidpiston-cylinder assembly comprising a piston rigidly secured to saidcarrier Aand a cylinder mounted on said lower crosshead and slidablyreceiving said piston; and at least one second pistoncylinder assemblyoperating between said carrier and said upper crosshead for retractingthe movable die in a direction away from said stationary die, saidsecond assembly comprising a piston secured to the upper crosshead and.a cylinder connected with the carrier and slidably receiving said lastmentioned piston.

11. In a forging press, in combination, first and second Icrossheadmeans; stationary carrier means disposed beitween said crosshead means;parallel column means connecting said crosshead means and extendingthrough said carrier means whereby said crosshead means and said columnmeans are reciprocable with respect to said carrier means; meansoperatively connected with said carrier means and with one of saidcrosshead means for guiding both said crosshead means and said columnmeans with respect to said carrier means, said guiding means comprisingat least one guide shaft connected with said carrier means and parallelwith said column means, a cylinder secured to one of said crossheadmeans and slidably receiving said guide shaft, and a coaxial extensionconnected with said guide shaft and slidably projecting through saidcylinder, whereby said guide shaft will take up bending stressesoccurring when said press is subjected to eccentric forging pressure soas to relieve said columns from bending stresses; and fluid operatedlifting means laterally spaced from and independent of said guide shaftand connected to said stationary carrier means and one of said crossheadmeans for lifting said crosshead means while the same are guided by saidguide shaft.

12. In a forging press, in combination, a stationary carrier member; acrosshead above said carrier member; a crosshead member below saidcarrier member; a plurality of uprights connecting said crosshead andsaid crosshead member together for reciprocating movement in verticaldirection with respect to said carrier member; guiding means comprisinga vertical guide shaft fixed to one of said members and a pair of guidebushings fixed to the other of said members spaced 'in verticaldirection from each other and receiving said guide shaft for guidingsaid crosshead member during the reciprocating and for relieving saiduprights from bending stresses when said press is subjected to eccentricforging pressure; and uid operated means laterally spaced from andindependent of said guide shaft and connected to said stationary carriermember and said crosshead for lifting said crosshead and said crossheadmember operatively connected thereto.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS336,604 Fielding Feb. 23, 1886 619,747 Holinger Feb. 21, 1899 2,212,047Ross Aug. 20, 1940 FOREIGN PATENTS 330,973 Switzerland Aug. 15, 19581,030,288 Germany May 22, 1958 1,198,593 France Dec. 8, 1959

1. IN A FORGING PRESS, IN COMBINATION, FIRST AND SECOND CROSSHEAD MEANS;STATIONARY CARRIER MEANS CONNECTING TWEEN SAID CROSSHEAD MEANS; COLUMNMEANS CONNECTING SAID CROSSHEAD MEANS FOR RECIPROCATING MOVEMENT INUNISON WITH RESPECT TO SAID CARRIER MEANS; MEANS COMPRISING AT LEAST ONEGUIDE SHAFT CONNECTED WITH SAID CARRIER MEANS AND SLIDABLY RECEIVED INONE OF SAID CROSSHEAD MEANS FOR GUIDING SAID CROSSHEAD MEANS INPARALLELISM WITH SAID COLUMN MEANS AND FOR RELIEVING SAID COLUMN MEANSFROM BENDING STRESSES WHEN SAID PRESS IS SUBJECTED TO ECCENTRIC FORGINGPRESSURE; AND FLUID OPERATED LIFTING MEANS LATERALLY SPACED FROM ANDINDEPENDENT OF SAID GUIDE SHAFT AND CONNECTED TO SAID STATIONARY CARRIERMEANS AND ONE OF SAID CROSSHEAD MEANS FOR LIFTING SAID CROSSHEAD MEANSWHILE THE SAME ARE GUIDED BY SAID GUIDE SHAFT.